ABSTRACT
Malassezia pachydermatis is a lipophilic and lipid-dependent yeast mostly isolated from animals' skin; hence, it is regarded as a zoophilic species causing otitis externa in dogs. Aspects associated with its epidemiology and pathogenicity is a matter of interest. This study aimed to conduct a molecular characterization of 43 isolates of M. pachydermatis obtained from dogs with otitis externa. For this purpose, the 5.8S internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and D1/D2 26S rRNA regions were amplified, sequenced and analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with AluI, CfoI, and BstF5I endonucleases. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these isolates grouped with the sequence types I, IV and V, previously proposed for M. pachydermatis. Interestingly, we found a new polymorphic RFLP pattern using BstF5I, these isolates were associated with the sequence types IV and V, nevertheless an association between polymorphic RFLP patterns, and fosfolipase activity or canine population data was not observed. These findings underline the genetic diversity of M. pachydermatis and provide new insights about the epidemiology of this species in the analyzed population.(AU)
Malassezia pachydermatis é uma levedura lipofílica e dependente de lipídios, principalmente da pele de animais. Sendo, por essa razão, considerada uma espécie zoofílica e causadora de otite externa em cães. Neste sentido, aspectos associados à sua epidemiologia e patogenicidade constituem um tema de interesse científico. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização molecular de 43 isolados de M. pachydermatis obtidos a partir de cães com otite externa. Para esta propósito, foram amplificadas, sequenciadas e analisadas com enzimas de restrição as regiões do gene 5.8S, do espaçador interno transcrito 2 (ITS2) e D1/D2 do 26S do rRNA pelo método RFLP, com as endonucleases AluI, CfOI e BstF5I. Análises filogenéticas revelaram que os isolados se agruparam com as sequências tipo I, IV e V de M. pachydermatis como já descrito anteriormente. De maneira interessante, se observou um novo RFLP polimórfico utilizando BstF5I. Os isolados que mostraram esse padrão foram associados com os padrões IV e V. No entanto, não foi observada associação entre padrões polimórficos de RFLP e atividade de fosfolipase ou dados da população canina. Estes resultados demonstram a diversidade genética de M. pachydermatis e fornecem novas perspectivas sobre a epidemiologia destas espécies na população analisada.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Genetic Variation , Malassezia/isolation & purification , Malassezia/genetics , Otitis Externa/veterinary , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Colombia/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize genotypically Malassezia spp. isolated from the external ear canal of healthy horses. Fifty-five horses, 39 (70.9%) males and 16 (29.1%) females, from different breeds and adults were studied. External ear canals were cleaned and a sterile cotton swab was introduced to collect cerumen. A total of 110 samples were cultured into Dixon medium and were incubated at 32 °C for up to 15 days. Macro- and micromorphology and phenotypic identification were performed. DNA was extracted, strains were submitted to polymerase chain reaction technique, and the products obtained were submitted to Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism using the restriction enzymes BstCI and HhaI. Strains were sent off to genetic sequencing of the regions 26S rDNA D1/D2 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 33/55 (60%) animals and 52/110 (47%) ear canals. No growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar was observed, confirming the lipid dependence of all strains. Polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism permitted the molecular identification of Malassezia nana - 42/52 (81%) and Malassezia slooffiae - 10/52 (19%). Sequencing confirmed RFLP identification. It was surprising that M. nana represented over 80% of the strains and no Malassezia equina was isolated in this study, differing from what was expected.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Ear Canal/microbiology , Microbiota , Horses/microbiology , Malassezia/isolation & purification , Malassezia/classification , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Genes, Bacterial , Malassezia/geneticsABSTRACT
Introducción. Las especies del género Malassezia se consideran levaduras oportunistas emergentes de gran importancia. Han sido asociadas a diferentes patologías dermatológicas y sistémicas de las cuales se aislan una o más especies de este género. El papel de estas levaduras en las enfermedades dermatológicas no se ha aclarado completamente, ya que la Malassezia spp. pertenece a la flora normal de la piel. Objetivo. Buscar marcadores genéticos en los aislamientos de Malassezia spp. que permitan correlacionar las lesiones dermatológicas con las especies aisladas. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron 103 aislamientos de Malassezia spp. a partir de muestras de pacientes con pitiriasis versicolor, dermatitis seborreica, dermatitis seborreica en pacientes positivos para VIH, dermatitis atópica, y de individuos sanos. Para los controles se usaron ocho cepas del Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), Holanda. El perfil genético se realizó utilizando la técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado aleatorio (RAPD) con tres iniciadores (OPA2, OPA4, OPA13). Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con los programas Diversity Database y SYN-TAX-PC. Resultados. Se observó heterogeneidad genética intraespecífica en Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia slooffiae y Malassezia obtusa, mientras que Malassezia sympodialis mostró mayor homogeneidad. Conclusión. No se determinó ningún patrón genético específico mediante la técnica de RAPD para las especies de Malassezia que se pudiera relacionar con la entidad dermatológica implicada
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic , Dermatitis, Seborrheic , Malassezia/isolation & purification , Malassezia/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Tinea Versicolor , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueABSTRACT
Our objective was to study both incidence and various strains of Malassezia in infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD). Sixty infants between 2 weeks and 2 years old with clinical diagnosis of ISD at the Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from May 2002 to April 2003 were recruited. Malassezia spp. were isolated from cultured skin samples of the patients, genomic DNA was extracted and the ITS1 rDNA region was amplified. The PCR product was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequences were determined. The ITS1 sequences were also subjected to phylogenetic analysis and species identification. ISD is most commonly found in infants below the age of 2 months (64%), followed by those between 2 and 4 months (28%) old. Cultures yielded yeast-like colonies in 15 specimens. PCR yielded 200-bp products (Candida) in 3 patients and 300-bp products (Malassezia furfur) in 12 patients (18%). Sugar fermentation using API 20C aux performed on the three 200-bp PCR products yielded Candida species. M. furfur was the only Malassezia recovered from skin scrapings of children with ISD.